1. What Are Off-Highway Battery Packs?

1.1 Definition and Common Applications

An off-highway battery pack is a lithium battery system designed to power machines that work away from normal roads.

These machines may operate in mines, farms, construction sites, ports, warehouses, forests, and industrial yards. They often face mud, dust, water spray, vibration, shock, and high load cycles.

Common applications include:

A simple definition is this: An off-highway battery pack is a heavy-duty lithium power system built for machines that work hard, not just drive smoothly.

1.2 How Off-Highway Battery Packs Differ from Standard EV Batteries

A passenger EV battery is usually designed for road driving, controlled cabin conditions, and predictable driving patterns.

An off-highway battery must survive a rougher life.

A quote-ready summary: A road EV battery is optimized for range; an off-highway battery is optimized for work.

1.3 Why Harsh Working Environments Require Specialized Battery Design

Off-highway equipment does not care about marketing claims. It cares about torque, uptime, safety, and whether the machine can finish the shift.

Dust can attack connectors. Mud can block vents. Water can enter weak sealing points. Vibration can loosen fasteners. High current can heat busbars. Low temperature can reduce available power. High temperature can accelerate aging.

Research on lithium-ion batteries shows that temperature has a major effect on battery performance and safety. One review states that lithium-ion batteries normally have an acceptable operating region around −20°C to 60°C ⇱, while temperatures outside that range may cause performance loss or irreversible damage such as lithium plating or thermal runaway.

2. Understanding the Challenges of Off-Highway Working Environments

2.1 Extreme Temperature Conditions

Temperature is one of the biggest enemies of battery life.

A lithium battery may work in cold weather, but cold cells have higher internal resistance. This means lower power, slower charging, and less usable capacity. In hot weather, the pack may deliver strong power at first, but aging can speed up if heat is not controlled.

A battery thermal management review ⇱ states that a stable temperature range of 15°C to 35°C helps maximize lithium-ion battery efficiency, and that a reliable thermal management system is needed to dissipate heat and control pack temperature.

For off-highway use, this means one thing: thermal design is not optional. It is part of the powertrain.

2.2 High Vibration and Mechanical Shock

Mining vehicles, tractors, loaders, and construction machines create constant vibration.

The problem is not only “big impact.” The real problem is repeated stress. Over time, vibration can damage welds, loosen bolts, crack brackets, wear cable insulation, and break weak signal wires.

In battery design, vibration control should include:

A rugged battery pack should be designed like a machine component, not like a consumer electronics box.

2.3 Dust, Mud, Water, and Chemical Exposure

Off-highway equipment works in dirty places. That is not a complaint. That is the job.

Dust can enter weak seams. Mud can hold moisture around connectors. Water spray can reach the pack from all angles. Fertilizer, salt, oil, and cleaning chemicals can attack metal surfaces and seals.

IEC 60529 defines IP ratings ⇱ as a way to rate enclosure protection against dust and liquids. For heavy equipment, IP65 or IP67 is often considered depending on the real exposure. IP65 is generally used for dust-tight and water-jet-resistant designs, while IP67 is used when temporary immersion risk must be considered.

A simple rule: Do not choose IP rating by brochure. Choose it by the worst cleaning method and the dirtiest worksite.

2.4 Heavy Loads, Long Operating Hours, and High Power Demand

Off-highway machines do not draw power like passenger cars.

A loader may need high peak current during bucket lifting. A mining vehicle may climb slopes with heavy load. A tractor may pull equipment for hours. A lift platform may cycle up and down all day.

This creates two different design needs:

A 100 kWh battery with poor discharge capability may perform worse than a 70 kWh battery designed for high current. In heavy equipment, kWh decides runtime, but current capability decides whether the machine feels strong.

3. Key Electrical Design Requirements for Off-Highway Battery Packs

3.1 High Continuous Discharge Capability

Continuous discharge means the current the battery can safely provide for a long time.

This matters because off-highway machines often work under load for minutes or hours, not just seconds. For example, a machine with a 96V system and 20 kW working power may draw about 208A during operation.

The basic formula is simple:

Current = Power ÷ Voltage

This table explains why higher voltage is common in larger machines. Higher voltage reduces current for the same power, which can reduce cable size, heat, and electrical loss.

3.2 Peak Power Support for Hydraulic Pumps, Motors, and Heavy Loads

Peak discharge is the short burst of current needed for acceleration, lifting, climbing, steering, or hydraulic pump startup.

A common design mistake is sizing the battery only by motor rated power. In real machines, the battery must support the motor, controller, hydraulic system, DC-DC converter, cooling pumps, fans, heaters, and auxiliary loads.

A good battery specification should include:

Quote-ready sentence: For heavy equipment, peak current is not a nice extra; it is what keeps the machine from feeling weak under load.

3.3 Stable Voltage Platform for Off-Highway Equipment

Voltage stability affects controller performance.

If the battery voltage drops too much during high current, the machine may derate, slow down, or trigger faults. This is why internal resistance, busbar design, BMS current limits, and cell chemistry all matter.

A stable voltage platform should match:

1. Motor controller voltage range
2. Hydraulic pump drive voltage
3. Charger voltage
4. DC-DC converter input
5. Safety limits for high-voltage components

In our projects, we often check the controller first, then design the battery voltage window around it. This avoids a common problem: the battery is “nominally correct” but the controller still reports under-voltage during real work.

3.4 Proper Battery Capacity Sizing for Working Cycles

Capacity sizing should be based on duty cycle, not guesswork.

Use this simple method:

Basic formula:

Battery energy needed = Average power × Working hours ÷ Usable depth of discharge

Example:
If a machine uses 18 kW average power for 5 hours and the usable battery window is 85%, the battery should be around:

18 × 5 ÷ 0.85 = 105.9 kWh

A quote-ready sentence: Battery sizing starts with the working cycle, not with the battery catalog.

4. Mechanical Design Requirements for Rugged Battery Packs

4.1 Reinforced Battery Enclosure Design

The enclosure is the battery’s armor.

It should protect the cells, BMS, busbars, contactors, fuse, connectors, and cooling system from the outside world.

A rugged enclosure should consider:

For compact machines, enclosure design is always a trade-off between strength, weight, cost, and space.

4.2 Anti-Vibration and Shock-Resistant Structure

Cells should not move inside the pack.

Even small movement can become a serious issue after thousands of work cycles. Cell holders, compression parts, foam pads, rubber mounts, reinforced frames, and proper cable routing are all part of vibration design.

A strong pack is not only about thick metal. It is about controlled force.

Quote-ready sentence: In a rugged battery pack, every cell, cable, connector, and busbar must have a fixed job and a fixed position.

4.3 Compact Layout for Limited Equipment Space

Heavy equipment rarely gives the battery designer a perfect rectangular space.

Battery packs may need to fit under the chassis, behind a cabin, inside a counterweight area, under a platform, or in a narrow battery bay.

A compact layout should still leave room for:

1. High-voltage clearance
2. Cooling plates or air channels
3. Service disconnect access
4. Cable bending radius
5. Connector installation
6. Mounting bolts
7. Lifting points
8. BMS and high-voltage box access

A small battery box that is impossible to install is not a good design.

4.4 Serviceable Design for Maintenance and Replacement

Off-highway equipment earns money when it works.

So the battery pack should be designed for real field service. That does not mean every cell must be replaced on site. It means technicians can inspect, disconnect, lift, replace, and diagnose the pack safely.

Good service design includes:

A practical rule: If a technician cannot safely access it, the design is not finished.

5. Thermal Management for Off-Highway Battery Systems

5.1 Why Thermal Control Matters in Heavy-Duty Applications

Thermal control protects power, safety, and life.

Battery heat mainly comes from internal resistance during current flow. High current creates more heat. Long work cycles give heat less time to escape. Dust and mud can block airflow. Slow-moving machines may not get enough natural cooling.

A battery thermal management review notes that lithium-ion packs need a stable temperature range, and that thermal management helps improve efficiency by dissipating heat and regulating pack temperature.

Quote-ready sentence: In heavy equipment, a battery cooling system is not for comfort; it is for power stability and battery life.

5.2 Air Cooling vs Liquid Cooling for Off-Highway Batteries

Air cooling is simpler. Liquid cooling is stronger.

For dusty worksites, forced air cooling can become a “vacuum cleaner with a battery attached” if the filter design is poor. Liquid cooling is often better for sealed packs because it moves heat without pulling dirty air through the pack.

5.3 Battery Heating for Cold-Climate Operation

Cold weather reduces power and makes charging harder.

A cold-climate off-highway battery may need heating pads, liquid heating, or charger-assisted preheating. The BMS should block or limit charging when cell temperature is too low.

A simple rule: Heating is most important before charging, not only during discharge.

For winter mining, snow work, cold farms, and mountain equipment, battery heating can protect cycle life and reduce morning startup problems.

5.4 Preventing Thermal Runaway Through Smart Design

Thermal runaway ⇱ is an uncontrollable self-heating state in a lithium-ion cell that can lead to gas ejection, smoke, fire, or very high temperatures.

Good prevention is layered:

A battery pack should not depend on one safety part. Good safety design is like good mining gear: helmet, boots, gloves, and training all matter.

6. BMS Requirements for Harsh Working Environments

6.1 Real-Time Monitoring of Voltage, Current, and Temperature

The BMS is the battery’s brain and security guard.

It monitors cell voltage, pack voltage, current, temperature, insulation status, SOC, SOH, and fault states. In off-highway systems, the BMS must react quickly because high current events can happen often.

A good BMS should monitor:

A quote-ready sentence: The BMS turns a group of lithium cells into a controlled power system.

6.2 CAN Bus Communication with Vehicle Controllers

CAN bus is common in heavy-duty and off-highway machines because it allows the battery, controller, charger, display, and vehicle control unit to exchange data.

SAE J1939 ⇱ is widely used for commercial vehicle networking and uses CAN technology; common standardized baud rates include 250 kbit/s and 500 kbit/s.

For custom equipment, communication matching should be checked early.

Important BMS communication points include:

1. CAN baud rate
2. CAN ID format
3. SOC message
4. Current limit message
5. Voltage message
6. Temperature message
7. Fault message
8. Charger handshake
9. Controller enable signal
10. Emergency stop logic

A practical rule: A battery that cannot communicate with the controller may be electrically correct but operationally useless.

6.3 Protection Against Overcurrent, Overvoltage, and Overtemperature

Protection limits must match the real machine.

If limits are too low, the machine derates too often. If limits are too high, the pack becomes unsafe. The correct design balances performance and protection.

6.4 SOC, SOH, and Fault Diagnosis for Fleet Operation

SOC tells the operator how much energy is left. SOH tells the owner how healthy the battery is.

For fleets, good data can reduce downtime. A machine that stops without a clear fault code creates guesswork. A machine that reports the fault clearly creates action.

Useful fleet data includes:

Quote-ready sentence: For off-highway fleets, battery data is not decoration; it is a maintenance tool.

7. Safety and Protection Requirements

7.1 IP Rating Requirements: IP65, IP67, and Beyond

IP rating should match the worksite.

IP65 may be suitable for rain, dust, and water jets. IP67 may be needed where temporary immersion, deep puddles, or heavy washdown risk exists. IEC 60529 is the key standard for rating enclosure protection against dust and liquids.

But IP rating is not the whole story.

A battery pack also needs good connector sealing, cable glands, pressure balance, corrosion protection, and correct installation. A pack can pass an IP test and still fail in the field if the cable exit is poorly designed.

7.2 High-Voltage Safety Design and Service Disconnects

High-voltage systems need safe isolation.

A service disconnect allows technicians to break the high-voltage circuit before maintenance. This is especially important for 300V, 400V, 600V, and higher-voltage systems.

Good HV safety design includes:

ISO 6469-1 ⇱ specifies safety requirements for rechargeable energy storage systems in electrically propelled vehicles for protection of persons.

7.3 Fuse, Contactor, and Pre-Charge Circuit Protection

A high-voltage pack should not connect directly to the controller without control.

The contactor controls main power. The fuse protects against severe overcurrent. The pre-charge circuit limits inrush current into the controller capacitors.

Quote-ready sentence: Pre-charge is the polite handshake between the battery and the controller. Without it, the system may get an electrical punch.

8. Battery Chemistry Selection for Off-Highway Equipment

Image 2.0 Prompt 16:9: Create a clean comparison-style technical render showing LiFePO4 prismatic cells inside a rugged heavy equipment battery pack. Show safe, stable, robust design feeling, industrial background, no text, no brand, 16:9.

8.1 Why LiFePO4 Is Commonly Used in Heavy Equipment

LiFePO4, also called LFP, is widely used in heavy-duty battery systems because it offers strong thermal stability, long cycle life, and good safety performance.

A comparative study found that LFP batteries are safer, can have life cycles beyond 4,000 cycles, and may be about 30% lower cost than similar battery technologies, while NMC batteries can offer higher energy density.

For off-highway machines, LFP is often a practical choice because weight is not always the first concern. Safety, durability, cost, and cycle life often matter more.

Quote-ready sentence: For heavy equipment, the best chemistry is often the one that survives the workday for years, not the one that wins the weight contest.

8.2 LFP vs NMC for Off-Highway Applications

A neutral summary: LFP is usually preferred when safety, long life, and cost control matter most; NMC is considered when maximum energy density is the top priority.

8.3 Cycle Life, Safety, and Total Cost of Ownership

Total cost of ownership is not only purchase price.

It includes battery price, machine runtime, charging cost, maintenance, downtime, replacement cycle, safety systems, and logistics.

Battery aging is affected by current rate, depth of discharge, temperature, mechanical stress, and other environmental conditions. High current rates and deep discharges can accelerate capacity loss.

A pack with a higher upfront cost can still be cheaper over its life if it lasts longer and reduces downtime.

9. Application-Specific Design Considerations

9.1 Battery Packs for Mining Equipment

Mining is one of the most demanding use cases.

Underground mining ⇱ has strong reasons to use battery electric equipment. Studies note that battery electric vehicles can reduce toxic exhaust gases, diesel particulate matter, heat, and noise, while also offering potential ventilation and air-conditioning cost reductions.

Mining battery design should focus on:

9.2 Battery Packs for Construction Machinery

Construction machines work in dust, mud, shock, and irregular duty cycles.

A compact loader may need fast bursts of power. An excavator may need stable hydraulic pump power. A concrete machine may need predictable daily energy output.

Design priorities include:

1. High current output
2. Strong enclosure
3. Easy charging interface
4. Field-serviceable design
5. Good thermal control at low vehicle speed
6. Simple fault diagnosis

For construction machinery, battery packaging is often the hardest part. The pack must fit into a machine designed around a diesel engine, fuel tank, counterweight, or hydraulic layout. Electric wheel loaders also require careful matching of traction power, hydraulic loads, runtime, battery weight, charging strategy and machine communication. See our complete electric wheel loader battery guide ⇱ for a detailed OEM and replacement checklist.

9.3 Battery Packs for Agricultural Equipment

Agricultural equipment faces water, mud, vibration, fertilizer, long seasonal work, and outdoor storage.

Battery design should consider:

Agricultural machines may not work every day of the year, but when the season comes, downtime is expensive.

9.4 Battery Packs for Aerial Work Platforms and Industrial Vehicles

Aerial work platforms and industrial vehicles need safe, stable, and predictable power.

They often operate in warehouses, factories, rental fleets, maintenance sites, and construction areas.

Important design points include:

1. Long cycle life
2. Stable low-speed control
3. Safe charging
4. Easy pack replacement
5. Good SOC display
6. Compatibility with existing charger or new charger
7. Protection from rental-fleet abuse

A quote-ready sentence: Rental equipment batteries must be designed for people who may not read the manual.

10. Customization Requirements for Off-Highway Battery Packs

10.1 Voltage and Capacity Customization

Off-highway battery packs are often customized by voltage and capacity.

Common system platforms may include 48V, 72V, 80V, 96V, 144V, 300V, 400V, 600V, or higher, depending on motor power and controller design.

Voltage should match the controller. Capacity should match the working hours. Current output should match the peak load.

A useful design sentence: Voltage is chosen by the powertrain, capacity is chosen by the workday, and current is chosen by the machine’s hardest job.

10.2 Pack Dimension and Mounting Design

Battery dimensions should be confirmed early.

For retrofit projects, we usually ask for:

1. Maximum available length, width, and height
2. Mounting hole position
3. Cable exit direction
4. Connector access space
5. Weight limit
6. Center-of-gravity concern
7. Installation method
8. Clearance for service disconnect
9. Cooling airflow or liquid loop space

A battery may be technically perfect but commercially painful if it requires major machine redesign.

10.3 Connector, Charging Interface, and Cable Design

Connectors are small parts with big consequences.

A wrong connector can delay installation. A weak connector can cause heat. A poorly sealed connector can create water ingress. A cable with poor strain relief can fail under vibration.

Connector design should confirm:

10.4 Communication Protocol Matching with Controllers

Communication should be handled before production.

The battery and controller must agree on data format. CAN does not mean “plug and play” by itself. The baud rate, message ID, byte order, scaling, and fault logic must match.

For custom projects, we prefer to check the controller protocol document early. This avoids late changes after the battery is already built.

Quote-ready sentence: The best time to solve CAN communication is before the battery drawing is approved, not after the machine refuses to start.

11. How to Choose the Right Off-Highway Battery Pack Supplier

Image 2.0 Prompt 16:9: Create a realistic factory engineering scene showing heavy-duty lithium battery pack design, testing, assembly, inspection, and quality control. Include battery modules, engineers, test equipment, rugged enclosures, no words, no logos, 16:9.

11.1 Engineering Design Capability

A strong supplier should be able to design the battery as a system.

That means cells, modules, BMS, thermal design, enclosure, high-voltage box, connectors, charger, communication, certification, and installation should be considered together.

Ask these questions:

11.2 Experience with Heavy-Duty Applications

Heavy-duty experience matters because off-highway batteries fail differently from light EV batteries.

In our own project work, the hard parts are often not the cells. The hard parts are packaging, sealing, vibration, communication, and installation. This is why early engineering discussion saves time.

A supplier with heavy equipment experience should understand:

1. High current demand
2. Rough mounting conditions
3. Field maintenance
4. IP sealing
5. Charger matching
6. Long lead-time project planning
7. Custom cable and connector needs

11.3 Testing, Certification, and Quality Control

Testing should cover both safety and real application risk.

Useful checks include:

Standards ⇱ such as UL 2580, ISO 6469, IEC 60529, UN38.3, and CE-related requirements can be relevant depending on the target market and machine type.

11.4 After-Sales Support and Long-Term Supply Stability

Battery projects do not end at shipment.

After-sales support should include wiring guidance, charger matching, BMS setting support, fault code explanation, replacement parts, and long-term cell supply planning.

A good supplier should help answer questions like:

1. Why did the BMS stop discharge?
2. Is the charger communicating correctly?
3. Is the controller drawing too much current?
4. Is the battery too cold to charge?
5. Are the cells balanced?
6. Is this an installation issue or a battery issue?

Quote-ready sentence: For off-highway batteries, after-sales support is part of the product.

12. Conclusion: Designing Battery Packs for Reliability in Harsh Environments

12.1 Balancing Power, Safety, Durability, and Service Life

A reliable off-highway battery pack must balance power, safety, durability, and service life.

The design should start with the machine’s real duty cycle. Then it should confirm voltage, capacity, peak current, continuous current, thermal control, IP rating, enclosure structure, connector layout, BMS logic, communication protocol, certification needs, and maintenance method.

The core message is simple: A heavy equipment lithium battery ⇱ is not a commodity box. It is an engineered power system.

12.2 Why Custom Battery Engineering Matters for Off-Highway Equipment

Custom engineering matters because every off-highway machine is different.

A mining loader, an electric tractor, a scissor lift, and a construction machine may all use lithium batteries, but they do not need the same pack. The right design depends on load profile, space, climate, voltage, controller, charger, safety rules, and service plan.

At Bonnen Battery, we build off-highway battery systems around the machine, not the other way around. If you are developing or converting heavy-duty equipment, send us your voltage, motor power, controller current, working hours, battery space, and communication needs. We can help you design an Off-Highway Battery or Heavy Equipment Lithium Battery that fits real work, not just a datasheet.

13. FAQs

1. What is an off-highway battery pack?

An off-highway battery pack is a lithium battery system designed for machines that work away from normal roads, such as mining vehicles, construction machinery, agricultural equipment, aerial work platforms, and industrial vehicles. It is built for vibration, shock, dust, water, high current, and long operating hours.

2. How is an off-highway battery different from a normal EV battery?

A normal EV battery is mainly designed for road driving and range. An off-highway battery is designed for work. It needs stronger enclosure design, higher current output, better sealing, stronger vibration resistance, and easier service access.

3. What is the best lithium battery chemistry for heavy equipment?

LiFePO4, or LFP, is often a strong choice for heavy equipment because it offers good safety, long cycle life, and stable performance. NMC may be used when higher energy density is more important, but LFP is often preferred when durability and safety matter most.

4. Why do many off-highway battery packs use LiFePO4 cells?

Many off-highway battery packs use LiFePO4 cells because heavy equipment usually values safety, long service life, and cost control more than very high energy density. LFP is a practical chemistry for rugged equipment that needs frequent charge and discharge cycles.

5. How do I size a lithium battery pack for off-highway equipment?

Start with the machine’s average working power and required operating hours. Then divide by usable depth of discharge and add reserve capacity. After that, check peak current, continuous current, voltage range, thermal limits, and charging time.

6. How many kWh does a heavy equipment lithium battery need?

It depends on the work cycle. A small industrial vehicle may need only a few kWh, while a heavy mining or construction machine may need tens or hundreds of kWh. The best method is to calculate energy use from real load data instead of guessing.

7. What voltage should I choose for an off-highway battery pack?

The voltage should match the motor controller and power level. Low-voltage systems such as 48V, 72V, 80V, or 96V are common in smaller machines. Higher-voltage systems such as 300V, 400V, or 600V are often used for larger machines because they reduce current for the same power.

8. Why does high current matter in heavy equipment batteries?

High current matters because heavy equipment often needs strong torque, hydraulic power, lifting force, or climbing power. If the battery cannot provide enough continuous and peak current, the machine may feel weak or trigger faults.

9. What IP rating is best for off-highway battery packs?

IP65 may be enough for dust and water spray. IP67 is better when the pack may face temporary immersion, deep puddles, or heavy washdown. The right IP rating should be chosen based on the real worksite, not only the product description.

10. Do off-highway battery packs need liquid cooling?

Not always. Low-power systems may use natural or forced air cooling. High-power systems, compact packs, sealed packs, or long-duty machines often benefit from liquid cooling because it removes heat more effectively without pulling dirty air into the battery.

11. Do heavy equipment batteries need heating in cold weather?

Yes, in many cold-climate projects. Battery heating helps improve startup performance and protects the cells during charging. The BMS should limit or block charging when the cell temperature is too low.

12. What BMS features are important for off-highway lithium batteries?

Important BMS features include cell voltage monitoring, current monitoring, temperature monitoring, SOC calculation, SOH tracking, fault diagnosis, overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, low-temperature charge protection, and CAN communication.

13. Can an off-highway battery communicate with a motor controller by CAN bus?

Yes, but the protocol must match. CAN bus only defines the communication path. The battery and controller still need the same baud rate, CAN ID, message format, data scaling, and fault logic.

14. What information should I provide before asking for a custom heavy equipment battery quote?

You should provide system voltage, motor power, controller current, required working hours, battery space, maximum weight, charging time, working temperature, IP rating need, communication protocol, and application type.

15. What is the role of a service disconnect in a high-voltage battery pack?

A service disconnect allows technicians to manually isolate the high-voltage circuit before maintenance. It improves safety during installation, inspection, shipping, and repair.

16. What certifications or documents are commonly needed for lithium battery packs?

Common documents include UN38.3, SDS or MSDS, transportation documents, and test reports. Depending on the market and machine type, CE-related compliance, IEC 60529 IP testing, ISO 6469, or UL 2580 may also be relevant.

17. Why is vibration design so important for off-highway battery packs?

Vibration can loosen fasteners, damage cables, crack brackets, fatigue busbars, and harm internal connections over time. A rugged battery pack should use fixed modules, strong mounting points, strain relief, and vibration-resistant connectors.

18. Can I replace a diesel engine ⇱ with an off-highway lithium battery system?

Yes, but the conversion needs full system matching. The battery must match the motor, controller, charger, hydraulic system, voltage range, peak current, cooling design, and machine space. A diesel-to-electric conversion is a powertrain project, not only a battery swap.

19. How long does an off-highway lithium battery last?

Battery life depends on chemistry, cell quality, depth of discharge, current rate, temperature, charging method, and vibration control. LFP battery systems are commonly chosen for long cycle life, but real lifetime depends heavily on the working conditions and battery design.

20. What makes a good off-highway battery supplier?

A good supplier should understand electrical design, mechanical design, thermal management, BMS communication, safety protection, certification, and after-sales support. The supplier should ask about your machine’s real working cycle before recommending a pack.

21. Can Bonnen Battery design a custom battery pack for mining, construction, or agricultural equipment?

Yes. We can support custom lithium battery packs for off-highway equipment, including mining machines, construction machinery, agricultural vehicles, aerial work platforms, industrial vehicles, and other heavy-duty electric equipment. Send us your voltage, capacity target, working hours, space limit, controller details, and communication needs, and we will help you review the best battery design.